XHTML
Introduction:
XHTML is stand for Extensible Hypertext Markup Language. It is a family of XML, XHTML is a mirror or extend versions of HTML. XHTML is such a language in which web pages are written.XHTML is an application of XML. It is subset of SGML. Because XHTML documents need to be well-formed. XHTML can be parsed using standard XML parsers—unlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser.W3C recommends XHTML 1.0 on January 26, 2000. Again in May 31 W3C recommends XHTML 1.1. In 2009 XHTML5 is undergoing developments.
Overview:
- By formulating HTML, XHTML is formulated.
- It is an application of XML 1.0
- W3C recommends XHTML
- HTML 5 is formulating now.
- In a recommendation of W3C XHTML is the next step to evaluate of the internet.
- XML can migrate to XHTML.
Motivation
The main goal to develop XHTML is to make HTML more extensible as well as interoperability with many other data format. HTML 4 was an application of SGML. SGML specification was complex. So browsers were not fullly conforant to HTML 4. XML was a well and simple datal format and then XHTML is a formation of XML. After that XHTML started to become popular.
Relationship to HTML
There are various differences between XHTML and HTML.
Firstly then, syntax differences:
- XML require all elements to be closed. It can by a separate or self closing tag. HTML
- HTML is not case-sensitive bul XML is case sensitive.
- A few shorthand feature is omitted in XML, but in HTML is not.
Secondly,
- Fatal parse error can be occured in XML but in HTML not.
- HTML 5 support for SVG and MathML, but not supports most of namespage,
- JavaScript processing is a little different, with minor changes in case sensitivity to some functions, and further precautions in XHTML to restrict processing well-formed to well-formed content.
- CSS is also applied slightly differently too, with case-sensitivity and some differences in handling of backgrounds on <html> and <body> in XHTML and HTML.
Adoption
W3C recommends XHTML 1.0 and HTML 4.01 similarities. W3C aslo published a guidline for authors so that they can publish XHTML 1.0 format docment compatible with HTML. Now a day most browsers support all possible XHTML media type. As long as support is not widespread, most web developers avoid using XHTML that isn’t HTML-compatible,[20] so advantages of XML such as namespaces, faster parsing and smaller-footprint browsers do not benefit the user.
Versions of XHTML
- XHTML 1.0 is equavalent to XML formation as will as HTML 4.01. nd includes elements and attributes that have not been marked deprecated in the HTML 4.01 specification.
- XHTML 1.0 Transitional is the XML equivalent that of HTML 4.01. and includes the presentational elements excluded from the strict version.
- XHTML 1.0 Frameset is the XML equivalent of HTML 4.01 Frameset.
XHTML 1.1—Module-based XHTML
XHTML 1.1 is worked surrounding the initaization of XHTML. It was reeased by W3C in 1999. XHTML 1.1 has all eatures of XHTML 1.0 plus additionally of fuby annotation elements. It is compatible with XHTML 1.0 and HTML 4. XHTML 1.1 Second Edition (W3C Proposed Edited Recommendation) was issued on 7 May 2009.
